Landscape Planning with Ecosystem Services by Christina von Haaren & Andrew A. Lovett & Christian Albert

Author:Christina von Haaren & Andrew A. Lovett & Christian Albert
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789402416817
Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Assessments of people’s preferences concerning CES require social empirical research such as questionnaire surveys. There are two main approaches that are commonly used, namely revealed preference and stated preferences methods. Revealed preferences methods are based on the observation of actual behavior or individual real life choices. In the case of recreation, the choice to visit a specific site and/or to undertake a specific activity reveals a respondents’ preference for certain attributes at the site. Such attributes can include the availability of recreational infrastructure and landscape elements (e.g. visual appearance), as well as, for example, distance from respondents’ homes (i.e. the determinants discussed above). A revealed preference approach for economic valuation of recreation benefits is the travel cost method. It is based on the premise that the monetary recreational value of a site is partly expressed through the amount of time and money respondents expend to travel to the site (Whitten and Bennett 2002; Martín-López et al. 2009). In stated preference methods people are asked to rank and/or judge a site’s or landscape’s attributes or to choose from hypothetical choice sets that are characterized by different combinations of attribute levels, some of which can also be monetary (Adamovicz et al. 1994). As both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses, a combination of both approaches is a desirable option. Finally, the results from such preference analysis can be used to inform the attributes incorporated in spatial analysis to determine and map the aggregated potential for outdoor recreation. For more detailed information on preference analysis and economic valuation see TEEB (2010) and Chap. 20.

While modelling is a valuable and commonly used technique, there are also approaches that focus more directly on the actual use of CES (e.g. Plieninger et al. 2013; Bieling and Plieninger 2013; Wood et al. 2013; Casalegno et al. 2013; Martínez Pastur et al. 2015). Such approaches can be used to supplement and/or validate modelling approaches.

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